Geo. H. Nichols

16 Oct 2021, last revised 22 Dec 2024

Geo. H. Nichols had one of the longest running drug stores in the early years of the Copper Country. The number of bottles embossed with his name is a testament to his success.

George Henry Nichols was born in Hancock on 22 Aug 1863 (12) to immigrants from England (1). According to his obituary, he was born at Quincy Mine; and after attending Hancock public school until he was 12 years old, he apprenticed as a druggist with Dr. H. W. Jones and Dr. William Solis, and then clerked in Dr. Gallagher's drug store on East Quincy St. (20). Correspondingly, the 1880 U.S. Federal Census listed him as a druggist clerk and resident of Hancock (2). After eight years as a clerk (20), Nichols established his own drug store in the Finn building in the spring of 1887 (21). The 1887 Holland directory praised his newly-established drug store (3):

The drug store of Mr. Nicholls though open to the public but a short time, has already taken a firm position in popular favor; a gentleman well known and esteemed by the citizens of Hancock, and one thoroughly up in all the details of his profession, his successful debut cannot but ripen as time goes on into a substantial and enduring reputation.

Like with other drug stores, Nichols sold more than just drugs. His 1887 directory ad specified sundries, wall paper, etc. His 1909 directory listing specified drugs, toilet articles, books, stationery, office supplies, cigars, and confections (14). He installed a soda fountain in 1892 (17), and then in 1897, in preparation for summer, he replaced his soda fountain with one from Lippincott & Co., which was double the size of his previous one and could dispense to two persons at once (15,16).

Holland directory ad - 1887

Even though the drug store remained in the Finn building (22) on Quincy St. (3) for 14 years (22), the address changed, presumably because the street was re-numbered. The 1887 Holland directory listed it at 123 Quincy St. (3). The 1895, 1897, and 1899 volumes of the Houghton County Polk directory listed it at 125 Quincy St. (4,5,6). An early photograph of the store showed a watchmaker and then an open alley on its right side and a small structure in the alley on its left side. This layout matches a building labeled "Drugs" at 419 Quincy St. on the 1893 Sanborn map. It was on the north side of the street between Tezcuco St. and Reservation St. The 1900 Sanborn map labeled this building as "Drugs" and "To be torn down".

Sanborn map - Aug 1893

In Jun 1901, Nichols purchased the drug store in the Kauth block next to the post office with plans to move his store (22,26). His present quarters in the Finn block were too small for his growing business under the successful management of "Mr. Halls" (22). The Finn block would be torn down and replaced with a two-story brick building (27). The Kauth block was just recently constructed in 1900 (28), and Arthur T. Ellsworth established a drug store in the east storeroom (29). Ellsworth then sold the store to Edward Hollingshead in Jun 1901 (30), who then sold it to Nichols (22,26).

Despite the Kauth drug store being less than a year old, Nichols planned extensively remodeling before moving in (22,26). He planned to install new fixtures and a gallery for books and stationery, and planned to place the soda fountain and drugs on the west side of the store (22). The new store room would have a private office, a doctor's consultation room, and a large prescription room (22). It would have almost three times the storage capacity and floor space as the old store (23). In Nov 1901, Nichols completed the renovation of the Kauth block and the relocation of his drug store (24). Later in the month, the store was being wired for electric service (25). In Apr 1910, Nichols installed new fixtures and increased the capacity for stock by utilizing the space formally occupied by the soda fountain (32).

Newspaper ad - Oct 1901

From 1901 to 1916 (the last Houghton County directory we have access to), the store was listed at 220 Quincy St. (7,8). The 1907 Sanborn map showed this location to be on the south side of Quincy St. between Ravine St. and Tezcuco St. The map also indicated that the street was re-numbered.

Sanborn map - Nov 1907

Nichols had the greatest number of different pharmacy bottles in the Copper Country. They exhibit distinctions in embossing or shape that allow them to be ordered chronologically. Bottle #8 has the older Chicago Oval shape, which identifies it as being his earliest embossed bottle. It has two L's in the spelling of Nichols, and so do three other bottles (#9, s30, and s60). The 1880 U.S. Federal Census (2), the 1887 directory (3), an 1888 newspaper article (18) spelled his name with two L's. His name was spelled with one L from the 1891 directory (19) and in most subsequent newspaper articles. Correspondingly, the remaining bottles have only one L in the spelling of Nichols. The bottles embossed with KELLOGG (#s24) and KLONDIKE (#10) signify proprietary shapes produced by A. M. Foster & Co. (9), and they help to narrow the date range of this maker's mark. In late Oct 1909, Nichols started to advertise as a Rexall Store in The Daily Mining Gazette and The Evening Copper Journal. His pharmacy was later listed as a Rexall Store in the 1916 directory (8). Correspondingly, the last of his embossed bottles were embossed with THE REXALL STORE.

Newspaper ad - Dec 1909

Newspaper ad - Sep 1933

Nichols and his drug store were still listed in the 1930 directory (10). He then died on 14 Sep 1933 at the age of 70 and was buried at Forest Hill Cemetery, Houghton (12). He suffered from arteriosclerosis (21) and was ailing for the last two months (20). He was in business for 46 years (21).

The drug store continued at the same location under a new proprietor. In Jan 1934, pharmacist Robert H. Halls, who had worked for Nichols for 40 years, purchased the drug store from Nichols' estate (13). It was then listed as Halls Pharmacy with Robt H. Halls as proprietor (11). The Halls Pharmacy was destroyed when the Kauth block burned down on 09 Aug 1944 (31).

Header of Nichols' Sales Receipt - 1901

Citations

1. U.S. Census Bureau. 1870 United States Federal Census. accessed on ancestry.com.
2. U.S. Census Bureau. 1880 United States Federal Census. accessed on ancestry.com.
3. Holland, A. H. 1887. 1887-8 Hand-book and Guide to Hancock, Mich. Mining Journal Book and Job Print. Marquette, MI.
4. R. L. Polk & Co. 1895. Houghton County Directory 1895-96. R. L. Polk & Co., Publishers. Detroit, MI.
5. R. L. Polk & Co. 1897. Houghton County Directory 1897-98. R. L. Polk & Co., Publishers. Detroit, MI.
6. R. L. Polk & Co. 1899. Houghton County Directory 1899-1900. R. L. Polk & Co., Publishers. Detroit, MI.
7. R. L. Polk & Co. 1901. Houghton County Directory 1901-02. R. L. Polk & Co., Publishers. Detroit, MI.
8. R. L. Polk & Co. 1916. Houghton County Directory 1916-17. R. L. Polk & Co., Publishers. Detroit, MI.
9. Lockhart, B., B. Schriever, B. Lindsey, C. Serr, and B. Brown. 2013, revised 2021. A.M. Foster & Co. In: Encyclopedia of Manufacturer's Marks on Historic Bottles. posted on Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website. https://sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/AMFoster.pdf
10. R. L. Polk & Co. 1930. Polk’s Hancock (Michigan) Directory 1930. R. L. Polk & Co., Publishers. Detroit, MI.
11. R. L. Polk & Co. 1939. Polk’s Hancock (Michigan) Directory 1939. R. L. Polk & Co., Publishers. Detroit, MI.
12. Find a Grave. accessed Oct 2021. George Henry Nichols. findagrave.com/memorial/216465507/george-henry-nichols
13. anonymous. (1934, Feb 01). Nichols' drug store is purchased by Robert H. Halls. The Daily Mining Gazette (Houghton, MI). p. 2.
14. R. L. Polk & Co. 1909. Michigan State Gazetteer and Business Directory for 1909. R. L. Polk & Co. Detroit, MI.
15. anonymous. (1897, Feb 18). Portage Lake news. The Copper Country Evening News (Calumet, MI). p. 3.
16. anonymous. (1897, Apr 09). Portage Lake news. The Copper Country Evening News (Calumet, MI). p. 3.
17. anonymous. (1892, May 12). untitled. Michigan Copper Journal (Hancock, MI). p. 1.
18. anonymous. (1888, Aug 23). Hancock happenings. Portage Lake Mining Gazette (Houghton, MI). p. 3.
19. R. L. Polk & Co. 1891. Michigan State Gazetteer and Business Directory 1891-92. R. L. Polk & Co. Detroit, MI.
20. anonymous. (1933, Sep 15). George H. Nichols, prominent Hancock businessman, dies. The Daily Mining Gazette (Houghton, MI). p. 7.
21. anonymous. (1933, Sep 14). George Nichols, local druggist, is summoned. The Evening Copper Journal (Hancock, MI). p. 1.
22. anonymous. (1901, Jun 29). New quarters. The Copper Country Evening News (Calumet, MI). p. 3.
23. anonymous. (1901, Sep 21). To move. The Copper Country Evening News (Calumet, MI). p. 3.
24. anonymous. (1901, Nov 01). Moving completed. The Copper Country Evening News (Calumet, MI). p. 3.
25. anonymous. (1901, Nov 20). Portage Lake briefs. The Copper Country Evening News (Calumet, MI). p. 3.
26. anonymous. (1901, Jun 29). Nichols to move to Kauth block. The Daily Mining Gazette (Houghton, MI). p. 5.
27. anonymous. (1901, Jul 02). New block to be built on Quincy. The Daily Mining Gazette (Houghton, MI). p. 5.
28. anonymous. (1900, Sep 20). Will receive applications. The Daily Mining Gazette (Houghton, MI). p. 5.
29. anonymous. (1900, Sep 04). Portage Lake. The Daily Mining Gazette (Houghton, MI). p. 3.
30. anonymous. (1901, Jun 07). A change made. The Daily Mining Gazette (Houghton, MI). p. 3.
31. anonymous. (1944, Aug 09). Hall's Pharmacy, Three Winners store, Dover Music House destroyed. The Daily Mining Gazette (Houghton, MI). p. 1.
32. anonymous. (1910, Apr 29). Increased capacity. The Daily Mining Gazette (Houghton, MI). p. 3.