09 Oct 2021, last revised 06 Jun 2024
One of the attractive features of the Eagle Drug Store bottles is that they (except for two) bear the names of different proprietors. It turns out, M. Printz was also a proprietor of the Eagle Drug Store. The succession of proprietors allows us to place these bottles in chronological order and more specifically date them.
The 1889 and 1891 Michigan State Polk directories listed Mauritz Printz as a druggist in Red Jacket (61,62), but they did not specify the name nor location of his drug store. Fortunately, the 1889 directory and the newspaper had ads for M. Printz.
Polk directory ad - 1889
Newspaper ad - May 1889
The ads reveal that M. Printz was proprietor of the Eagle Drug Store. This was a revelation since his bottles do not state the name of the drug store, and based on the bottles embossed with EAGLE DRUG STORE, Nikander was believed to have been the first proprietor. The newspaper ad described the location to be opposite the First National Bank. This location matches the address specified for the Eagle Drug Store in the 1895 Houghton County Polk directory (2), thus it remained at the same location throughout its existence. The building was a saloon on the 1884 Sanborn map and then a drug store on the Jul 1888 Sanborn map. M. Printz was not listed in the 1887 Polk directory (65), but was listed as a registered pharmacist in Red Jacket by the Michigan State Pharmaceutical Association in Jul 1887 (85). Thus, the store likely started in the first half of 1887.
Sanborn map - Jul 1888
In Sep 1890, Printz left for St. Louis to study medicine with the intent of becoming a medical doctor in just two years, given the coursework was shortened by a year because he was already a trained pharmacist (66,67). In Jan 1891, having temporarily relinquished his studies, he returned home with a large stock from Chicago and planned to give his personal attention to his drug business (68). But then in Apr 1891, he decided to pursue his ambition of becoming a doctor, and thus, disposed of the drug store to George Ramsell, his assistant (69), who recently had passed a first-class examination before the State Board of Pharmacists (70). Printz's time running the store places his bottles among the earliest embossed pharmacy bottles of the Copper Country.
About four months after acquiring the store, in Aug 1891, Ramsell sold the store to Werner Nikander and planned to return to Europe (53). Ramsell, however, moved to Minneapolis, returned to the Copper Country, and became a prescription clerk for Carl Printz in Hancock in Jun 1892 (55).
Newspaper ad - Apr 1891
Newspaper ad - Sep 1891
When Nikander arrived from Finland in 1889 (1), he first worked for Carl Printz in his Hancock drug store (45). He then partnered with C. J. Sorsen (3) at the City Drug Store in Red Jacket from Nov 1890 (54) to Aug 1891 (53). He completed his pharmacological examination in Lansing in 1891 (45). Sorsen then formed a partnership with Henry A. Sodergren (3) and Nikander became the proprietor of Eagle Drug Store (2). Nikander was listed as a druggist in Calumet in the 1893 Polk directory (43). The 1895 directory specified Nikander's business at 222 N. 5th St., Calumet (2). Bottles #20 and #s63 bear Nikander's name and state the town name as Red Jacket.
Polk directory ads - 1895
Polk directory ads - 1895
In Jun 1896, Nikander sold the business to John Clemo, Jr & Co. (50), which consisted of John Clemo, Jr. and Robert B. Mackenzie (15,16). Clemo worked with Nikander for a few years prior, and thus was already well known in the business (50). Frank Vastbinder handled the prescription department (50). In Jul 1896, Clemo moved into the residence above the store formerly occupied by Nikander (17). After four months, on 25 Oct 1896, the firm Clemo & Co. dissolved and was succeeded by Clemo & Mitchell (15,16), with newcomer, John A. Mitchell, who was the Keweenaw Country sheriff (16). Short of two months, on 19 Dec 1896, this firm dissolved (14), with Mitchell "finding the drug business uncongenial to his taste" (18). He sold his interest in the firm and returned to Keweenaw Co. for the winter (18). Accordingly, the 1897 Polk directory listed only Clemo as manager of the Eagle Drug Store (19). By a process of elimination, the bottles with no proprietor's name (#s80, #21, and #24) likely came from Clemo, with or without partners. These bottles also mark the transition from Red Jacket to Calumet as the town name.
Newspaper ad - Jul 1896
Newspaper ad - Oct 1896
Newspaper ad - Nov 1896
In late Nov or early Dec 1897, Clemo sold the Eagle Drug Store to Roberts & Vivian (21). Roberts & Vivian consisted of William H. Roberts and John C. Vivian, the proprietors of the Laurium Pharmacy (19), so purchasing the Eagle Drug Store was an expansion of their business (21). The newspaper stated that Roberts would give his personal attention to the Eagle Drug Store while "Mr. Fox" would take charge of the Laurium store (21). The new proprietors were struck with disaster when a fire broke out in a residence above the store on 09 Dec 1897 (27). The blaze penetrated the roof and water badly damaged the stock (27). It was believed that the fire originated by the explosion of a lamp that was left burning in a room (27). The damage was covered by insurance and Roberts & Vivian received a settlement (28). In Jan 1898, Roberts & Vivian set plans to renovate the store with very extensive improvements (29). A new soda fountain, costing about $2,000, was an attractive new feature of the store (25). One Eagle Drug Store bottle (#22) bears their names.
Newspaper ad - Jun 1901
Newspaper ad - Oct 1901
Newspaper ad - Oct 1901
The firm Roberts & Vivian dissolved sometime in early 1899, seemingly because Roberts left to study medicine at the University of Chicago (56,57). Consequently, the 1899 directory listed only J. C. Vivian as the proprietor of both the Eagle Drug Store and the Laurium Pharmacy (23). How could Vivian run two stores simultaneously? Like with other proprietors, he employed a manager and other pharmacists. In Feb 1900, Cal Hollinger was the manager of the Eagle Drug Store (75). In Sep 1901, Charles Rowe was a pharmacist (76), but he resigned in Sep 1902 so he could study to be a physician (77). In Apr 1903, pharmacist John Grondholm severed his connection with the Eagle Drug Store (78). In Jun 1903, Hollinger resigned and J. J. Matulys succeeded him as manager (87). Seven days later, Matulys resigned to take a more lucrative position in Detroit (79,88) and Rowe returned from Chicago (79) to become the next manager (88). In Aug 1903, Matulys returned to the Eagle Drug Store (81) and resumed his former position (80). In Mar 1904, Matulys resigned and Buford G. Lincoln from the Laurium Pharmacy became the manager (82). Lincoln was manager in Aug 1904 when fire broke out in the rear of the store from a kerosene oil stove and caused possibly $7,000 in damages (8,6), but by Oct 1904, he was no longer manager (42). By Aug 1906, Harvey Corneller was manager (83), and he was still the manager in Apr 1908 when two men attempted to burglarize the store (84).
The 1912 Polk directory contained the last listing of the Eagle Drug Store and J. C. Vivian was still proprietor (24). The store had a close-out sale in Nov-Dec 1912, stating that they were quitting the business and the entire stock was on sale at cost for the next 30 days (51). Consequently, the store was not listed in the 1916 directory (10) and the location then housed a jeweler on the 1917 Sanborn map. Two bottles (#23 and #s36) bear the name of John C. Vivian. Based on their shapes, these bottles probably date to the earlier years of his proprietorship.
In the 1903 to the 1912 directories, the store was listed at a different address: 216 5th St., Calumet (26), which was on the east side between Oak St. and Portland St. At first, it appeared that the store moved locations but instead the Sanborn map of 1908 showed that the addresses on the street were re-numbered.
Sanborn map - Sept 1893
Sanborn map - May 1908
What happened to the proprietors after they left the Eagle Drug Store?
Mauritz Printz – Mauritz R. Printz was born around 1858 in Finland (20). It is unknown when he immigrated to the U.S. or arrived in the Copper Country, but he was established as a successful druggist in Red Jacket by Jul 1887 (63). After disposing the store to Ramsell, Printz left for Detroit to study medicine in Apr 1891, accompanied by his wife (71,72). Unfortunately, Printz tragically died on 25 Mar 1892 in Detroit at the age of 34 (73) due to some disease of the stomach (64). He was buried in Schoolcraft Cemetery, Calumet (73).
Werner Nikander – Nikander's full name was Zachris Werner Nikander, and he was born in Finland on 26 Jun 1866 and immigrated to the U.S. in 1889 (1,30). He first worked for Carl Printz in Hancock from 1889 (45), and then worked with C. J. Sorsen in Red Jacket (3). He took over the Eagle Drug Store from George Ramsell (53). After leaving the Eagle Drug Store, Nikander continued as a druggist, departing the Copper Country and ultimately finding his way back. He purchased a drug store in Negaunee (4) and moved his family there on 10 Jul 1896 (5). He then ran a drug store in Ishpeming by Aug 1905 (46), where he was listed as proprietor of Nikander Pharmacy (7). He sold the store in 1910 (47), and he and his family were in Ontonagon County for the 1910 U.S. Federal Census (9). In Jul 1912, he purchased the City Drug Store in Hancock from Andrew Bram (52). In 1916, in addition to being proprietor of City Drug Store, he and Walter Lundahl were proprietors of Owl Pharmacy in South Range (10). He sold the City Drug Store in 1916 (48). He managed a Finnish hospital in Hancock, which was started in 1917 (45). In 1920, he was still listed as manager of the hospital (11). In 1930, he and his wife were in Detroit where he was a clerk in a drug store (12). In 1940, he and his wife were back in Hancock where he was a salesman of drugs (13). He died on 10 Jun 1944 at the age of 77 at Newberry State Hospital but his residence was noted as Hancock (35) and he was buried at Lakeside Cemetery in Hancock (44).
John Clemo Jr. – John Clemo Jr. was born in Keweenaw Co. (20) in Jun 1866 (1). His father, John Clemo, was born in England and his mother, Hannah Foley, was born in Ireland (1,20). John Jr. worked at the Tamarack hospital for a number of years, and then worked for Nikander at the Eagle Drug Store for a few years before taking over the business (50). He suffered from a health condition. In Dec 1896, while being proprietor of the Eagle Drug Store, he stayed at Mount Clemens for some time where his health greatly improved and he was expected to return home soon (36). After leaving the Eagle Drug Store, Clemo moved to Montana, arriving in Anaconda on 24 Feb 1898, with plans to settle in Butte (31). His brother, Edward J. Clemo, resided in Walkerville (31), which adjoins Butte. He was in Butte in 1900 (1), and then in Bruneau, Idaho in 1910 (9). In Mar 1916, he left for Butte to consult with Dr. Murray, whom he was long associated with at the hospital, concerning his rapidly failing health (37). He was in Denver, Colorado in 1919 (32) and in Spokane, Washington in 1920 (33). He continued to be listed as a druggist in all locations. He remained in Spokane with his wife, Elizabeth Ann "Bessie" Clemo, until his death in 1924 at the age of 58 (34).
William H. Roberts– William H. Roberts Jr. was born in Houghton on 20 Sep 1872 (58) to immigrants from England (39). He and John C. Vivian were listed as proprietors of the Laurium Pharmacy in the 1897 directory (19), and they purchased the Eagle Drug Store in late Nov or Dec early 1897 (21). In 1898, he left to study medicine in Chicago (56,57), which seems to be why the partnership with Vivian dissolved. He returned home in Mar 1899 due to ill health (57), and then resumed his studies at Northwestern University in May 1899 (59). In Jan 1900, he intended to moved back to Laurium in the summer and start a drug business (74), but there is no indication that he actually did. Instead, he was a resident of Hancock and a government sub-manufacturer on the 1900 census (1). In Jun 1901, he was a recent graduate from Northwestern University and planned to move to Colorado (86). However, when he was married on 02 Oct 1901 in Menominee, he was a resident of Sheridan, Wyoming and a physician (20). He was still listed as a physician in Wyoming on the 1930 census (12); and then on the 1940 census, he was a resident of Norfolk, Virginia (13). He died on 23 Nov 1949 at the age of 77 in Norfolk, Virginia and was removed to Hancock (60), but was buried in Forest Hill Cemetery, Houghton (49).
John C. Vivian – John C. Vivian was born in Phoenix, MI (20) on 28 Feb 1863 (38). His parents, Johnson Vivian and Elizabeth Simmons (20), were born in Cornwall, England (38). At the age of 18, he worked as a clerk in a mine office, while his father was the mining superintendent (39). By 1895, he had entered the druggist business with William H. Dodge, as they were listed as proprietors of the Calumet Drug Store on the east side of Hecla St., Laurium, while his residence was in Calumet (2). By 1897, the drug store was called Laurium Pharmacy, his partnership was with William H. Roberts, and his residence was in Laurium (19). By 1899, he was the sole proprietor of both the Laurium Pharmacy and the Eagle Drug Store (23). The Laurium Pharmacy outlasted the Eagle Drug Store as it was still listed in 1916 (10). Vivian continued to be listed as a druggist in Laurium in 1921, but no store name was specified (40). He died on 24 Nov 1928 at the age of 65 in Oak Park Village, Illinois, but he resided in Copper Harbor and was buried in Calumet (41).
Citations
- U.S. Census Bureau. 1900 United States Federal Census. accessed on ancestry.com.
- R. L. Polk & Co. 1895. Houghton County Directory 1895-96. R. L. Polk & Co., Publishers. Detroit, MI.
- anonymous. 1895. Memorial Record of the Northern Peninsula of Michigan. The Lewis Publishing Company, Chicago, IL.
- anonymous. (1896, Jun 30). Notes from Laurium. The Copper Country Evening News (Calumet, MI). p. 4.
- anonymous. (1896, Jul 10). News about town. The Copper Country Evening News (Calumet, MI). p. 4.
- anonymous. (1904, Aug 10). Eagle Drug Store. The Evening Journal (Hancock, MI). p. 6.
- R. L. Polk & Co. 1907. Polk’s Marquette City and County Directory 1907-1908. R. L. Polk & Co Publishers. Detroit, MI.
- anonymous. (1904, Aug 09). Fire at the Eagle Drug Store. The Evening Journal (Hancock, MI). p. 1.
- U.S. Census Bureau. 1910 United States Federal Census. accessed on ancestry.com.
- R. L. Polk & Co. 1916. Houghton County Directory 1916-17. R. L. Polk & Co., Publishers. Detroit, MI.
- U.S. Census Bureau. 1920 United States Federal Census. accessed on ancestry.com.
- U.S. Census Bureau. 1930 United States Federal Census. accessed on ancestry.com.
- U.S. Census Bureau. 1940 United States Federal Census. accessed on ancestry.com.
- anonymous. (1897, Jan 07). Notice of dissolution. The Copper Country Evening News (Calumet, MI). p. 8.
- anonymous. (1896, Oct 27). Notice of dissolution. The Copper Country Evening News (Calumet, MI). p.4.
- anonymous. (1896, Oct 24). Change in firm. The Copper Country Evening News (Calumet, MI). p. 4.
- anonymous. (1896, Jul 15). News about town. The Copper Country Evening News (Calumet, MI). p. 4.
- anonymous. (1896, Dec 24). Keweenaw Co. news. The Copper Country Evening News (Calumet, MI). p. 3.
- R. L. Polk & Co. 1897. Houghton County Directory 1897-98. R. L. Polk & Co., Publishers. Detroit, MI.
- Michigan, Marriage Records, 1867–1952. Michigan Department of Community Health, Division for Vital Records and Health Statistics. (accessed on ancestry.com)
- anonymous. (1897, Dec 04). untitled. The Copper Country Evening News (Calumet, MI). p. 4.
- anonymous. (1896, Aug 06). untitled. The Copper Country Evening News (Calumet, MI). p. 2.
- R. L. Polk & Co. 1899. Houghton County Directory 1899-1900. R. L. Polk & Co., Publishers. Detroit, MI.
- R. L. Polk & Co. 1912. 1912 Calumet, Hancock, Houghton and Laurium Directory. R. L. Polk & Co., Publishers. Detroit, MI.
- anonymous. (1898, Apr 11). untitled. The Copper Country Evening News (Calumet, MI). p. 8.
- R. L. Polk & Co. 1903. Houghton County Directory 1903-04. R. L. Polk & Co., Publishers. Detroit, MI.
- anonymous. (1897, Dec 10). A midnight alarm. The Copper Country Evening News (Calumet, MI). p. 4.
- anonymous. (1897, Dec 16). untitled. The Copper Country Evening News (Calumet, MI). p. 8.
- anonymous. (1898, Jan 25). Improvements at Eagle Drug Store. The Copper Country Evening News (Calumet, MI). p. 4.
- Finland, Baptisms, 1657-1890. Salt Lake City, Utah: FamilySearch, 2013. (accessed on ancestry.com)
- anonymous. (1898, Feb 25). Butte current news. The Standard. (Anaconda, MT). p. 5.
- Ballenger & Richards. 1919. Denver Directory 1919. The Gazetteer Publishing and Printing Co. Denver, CO.
- R. L. Polk & Co. 1921. Spokane City Directory 1921. Polk's Spokane Directory. Spokane, WA.
- anonymous. (1970, Nov 28). Mrs. Clemo notes 100th birthday. The Chronicle (Spokane, WA). p. 5.
- Death Records. Michigan Department of Community Health, Division for Vital Records and Health Statistics, Lansing, Michigan. (accessed on ancestry.com
- anonymous. (1896, Dec 02). untitled. The Copper Country Evening News (Calumet, MI). p. 8.
- anonymous. (1916, Mar 31). Local news. The Idaho Republican. (Blackfoot, ID). p. 5.
- Illinois Deaths and Stillbirths, 1916–1947." Index. FamilySearch, Salt Lake City, Utah, 2010. Index entries derived from digital copies of original records. (accessed on ancestry.com)
- U.S. Census Bureau. 1880 United States Federal Census. accessed on ancestry.com.
- R. L. Polk & Co. 1921. Michigan State Gazetteer and Business Directory for 1921-1922. R. L. Polk & Co. Detroit, MI.
- Illinois Deaths and Stillbirths, 1916–1947." Index. FamilySearch, Salt Lake City, Utah, 2010. Index entries derived from digital copies of original records. (accessed on ancestry.com)
- anonymous. (1904, Oct 28). Calumet-Laurium brevities. The Evening Journal (Hancock, MI). p. 6.
- R. L. Polk & Co. 1893. Michigan State Gazetteer and Business Directory 1893-94. R. L. Polk & Co. Detroit, MI.
- Find a Grave. accessed Oct 2021. Werner Nikander. findagrave.com/memorial/167486736/werner-nikander
- Holmio, A. K. 2001. History of Finns in Michigan. Wayne State University Press. Detroit, MI.
- anonymous. (1905, Aug). In the drug world. The Western Druggist 27: 550.
- anonymous. (1910). Happenings in retail drugdom. N.A.R.D. Notes 10: 576.
- anonymous. (1916, Oct 05). News happenings in drugdom. N.A.R.D. Journal 23: 36.
- Find a Grave. accessed Nov 2023. William Henry Roberts Jr. findagrave.com/memorial/42045933/william-henry-roberts
- anonymous. (1896, Jun 19). The Eagle Drug Store. The Copper Country Evening News (Calumet, MI). p. 4.
- anonymous. (1912, Nov 25). Closing out sale. The Calumet News (Calumet, MI). p. 7.
- anonymous. (1912, Jul 27). City Drug Store sold. The Calumet News (Calumet, MI). p. 3.
- anonymous. (1891, Aug 28). untitled. The Calumet and Red Jacket News (Calumet, MI). p. 3.
- anonymous. (1890, Nov 07). untitled. The Calumet and Red Jacket News (Calumet, MI). p. 3.
- anonymous. (1892, Jun 30). untitled. Michigan Copper Journal (Hancock, MI). p. 1.
- anonymous. (1898, Dec 24). Laurium budget. The Copper Country Evening News (Calumet, MI). p. 6.
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8 oz
top: cork top - tooled
base outline:
date: 1887-1891
capacity - H x W - base mark - rarity:
8 oz - 16.1 x 6.8 cm - W. T. & CO / F - extremely rare
- capacity not marked on bottle
4 oz
top: cork top - tooled
base outline:
date: 1887-1891
capacity - H x W - base mark - rarity:
1 oz - 8.6 x 2.6 cm - W. T. & CO. - rare
2 oz - 10.5 x 3.3 cm - W. T. & CO. / 7 - rare
3 oz - 11.5 x 3.7 cm - W. T. & CO. / 0 - rare
4 oz - 12.5 x 4.1 cm - (none) - rare
- capacity not marked on bottle
6 oz
top: cork top - tooled
base outline:
date: 1887-1891
capacity - H x W - base mark - rarity:
½ oz - 6.5 x 2.1 cm - (none) - rare
1 oz - 8.9 x 2.7 cm -
- rare2 oz - 10.0 x 3.3 cm -
- rare4 oz - 13.1 x 4.1 cm -
- rare6 oz - 14.5 x 4.5 cm -
- rare12 oz - 18.1 x 5.1 cm - (none) - extremely rare
- the W T & Co. mark stated in the book was not found on these examples
- capacity not marked on bottle
16 oz
top: cork top - tooled
base outline:
date: 1891-1896
capacity - H x W - base mark - rarity:
2 oz - 11.3 x 4.0 cm - (none) - extremely rare
4 oz - 14.0 x 5.1 cm - (none) - extremely rare
6 oz - 15.4 x 5.7 cm - (none) - extremely rare
8 oz - 17.8 x 6.2 cm - (none) - extremely rare
16 oz. - 21.7 cm x 8.0 cm - (none) - extremely rare
- change in proprietor
- capacity not marked on bottle
1 oz
top: cork top - tooled
base outline:
date: 1891-1896
capacity - base mark - rarity:
1 oz - (none) - extremely rare
- lacks the pictogram
- capacity not marked on bottle
10 oz
top: cork top - tooled
base outline:
date: 1896-1897
capacity - H x W - base mark - rarity:
10 oz - 18.3 x 7.0 cm - A. M. F. & CO. - extremely rare
- proprietor not specified
- capacity marked above plate
6 oz
top: cork top - tooled
base outline:
date: 1896-1897
capacity - H x W - base mark - rarity:
3 oz - 13.0 x 4.9 cm - A. M. F. & CO. - rare
4 oz - 14.8 x 5.5 cm - A. M. F. & CO. - rare
6 oz - 15.7 x 6.1 cm - A. M. F. & CO. - rare
8 oz - 17.8 x 6.8 cm - A. M. F. & CO. - rare
12 oz - 19.5 x 7.5 cm - A. M. F. & CO. - rare
16 oz - 21.5 x 8.0 cm - A. M. F. & CO. - extremely rare
- capacity not marked on bottle
4 oz
top: cork top - tooled
base outline:
date: 1896-1897
capacity - H x W - base mark - rarity:
2 oz - 11.5 x 4.5 cm - (none) - rare
3 oz - 13.0 x 4.9 cm - (none) - rare
4 oz - 14.3 x 5.4 cm -(none) - rare
8 oz - 17.8 x 6.7 cm - (none) - rare
- change in town name
- capacity not marked on bottle
6 oz
top: cork top - tooled
base outline:
date: 1897-1899
capacity - base mark - rarity:
1 oz - A M F & CO. - rare
2 oz - A M F & CO. - rare
3 oz - A M F & CO. - rare
4 oz - A M F & CO - rare
6 oz - (none) - rare
8 oz - A M F & CO. - rare
- proprietors specified
- another 6 oz. example has the A. M. F. & CO. mark
- capacity marked above plate
16 oz
top: cork top - tooled
base outline:
date: 1899-c.1905
capacity - H x W - base mark - rarity:
1 oz - 9.7 x 3.6 cm - (none) - scarce
2 oz - 11.2 x 4.5 cm - (none) - scarce
4 oz - 12.8 x 4.9 cm - (none) - scarce
6 oz - 15.6 x 5.8 cm - (none) - scarce
8 oz - 18.0 x 6.8 cm - (none) - scarce
16 oz - 21.5 x 8.0 cm - A. M. F & CO. - extremely rare
- change in proprietorship
- capacity marked on 1 oz. size
½ oz
top: cork top - tooled
base outline:
date: 1899-c.1905
capacity - H x W - base mark - rarity:
½ oz - 7.5 x 2.8 cm - (none) - extremely rare
1 oz - 9.6 x 3.7 cm - (none) - extremely rare
- lacks the pictogram
- capacity not marked on 1 oz. size